Pakistan

Introduction

Pakistan, a nation at the crossroads of South and Central Asia, is rich in cultural diversity and historical heritage. Home to ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley and landmarks such as Mohenjo-Daro, Lahore Fort, and Badshahi Mosque, it reflects a deep history of resilience and identity. Natural resources, including fertile agricultural plains, coal, gas, and the mighty Indus River, play a central role in the economy and the lives of its people.

Cultural Diversity

Pakistan’s population of over 240 million is composed of various ethnic groups, including Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns, Baloch, and Kashmiris. Urdu serves as the national language, while regional languages like Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, and Balochi enrich the cultural fabric. Islam, predominantly Sunni, is the major religion, with minorities including Shia Muslims, Christians, Hindus, and smaller faith communities. This diversity has shaped Pakistan’s strong national identity, but it has also led to tensions over ethnic and religious rights.

Political Instability and Conflict

Since independence in 1947, Pakistan has faced political instability marked by military rule, fragile democracies, and corruption. Today, economic struggles—rising inflation, unemployment, and debt—are the most pressing issues for ordinary citizens. Extremism and terrorism have further deepened social divisions, while strained relations with neighboring countries create ongoing instability. These challenges continue to affect development and security across the nation.

Spiritual Landscape

About 96% of Pakistan’s population is Muslim, with 85–90% Sunni and 10–15% Shia. Christians make up around 1.5–2%, while Hindus represent about 2%. Evangelical Christians are a small but growing minority, with an estimated 3,000 churches nationwide. Christians often face discrimination, blasphemy accusations, restricted job opportunities, and violence. Converts from Islam endure severe persecution, both socially and legally, making religious freedom a critical issue.